Il a ete demontre que le Staphyloccoque (Staphylococcus aures et suis) forme des biofilmes a base de fibrine:La fibrine est une protéine filamenteuse issue du fibrinogène sous l'action de la thrombine lors de la coagulation sanguine. Il s'agit d'une des matières albuminoïdes du sang, qui en contient normalement 2 à 4 %.
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La fibrine ne préexiste pas dans le sang ; elle n'apparaît qu'au moment de la coagulation. La coagulation est la transformation du fibrinogène (soluble) par la thrombine en fibrine insoluble qui conduit à la formation d'un caillot. Dans un caillot, la fibrine forme un maillage qui emprisonne les cellules sanguines.
J Dermatol Sci. 1997 Nov;16(1):2-10.
Biofilm formation of Staphylococcus aureus strains isolated from impetigo and furuncle: role of fibrinogen and fibrin.Akiyama H, Ueda M, Kanzaki H, Tada J, Arata J.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9438901Fibrinogen is closely related to initiation of infection but biofilm formation requires the conversion of fibrinogen to fibrin. Thus, attachment of S. aureus cells to the plastic tissue-culture coverslip, conversion of fibrinogen to fibrin by coagulase-prothrombin complex, and production of abundant glycocalyx by S. aureus cells are at least required for the production of biofilm in staphylococcal skin infection.
Appl Environ Microbiol. 2008 August; 74(15): 4969–4972.
Fibrinogen Induces Biofilm Formation by Streptococcus suis and Enhances Its Antibiotic Resistance
Laetitia Bonifait, Louis Grignon, and Daniel Grenier*
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2519328/In this study, we showed that supplementing the culture medium with fibrinogen induced biofilm formation by Streptococcus suis in a dose-dependent manner. Biofilm-grown S. suis cells were much more resistant to penicillin G than planktonic cells. S. suis bound fibrinogen to its surface, a property that likely contributes to biofilm formatio.
Les enzymes proteolytiques ont la propriete de decouper des proteines en fragments (peptides) et auraient un effet fibrinolytique, c´est a dire qu´elles seraient capables de segmenter le fibrinogene, la proteine servant de base a la production de fibrine.
Appl Microbiol Biotechnol. 2005 Nov;69(2):126-32. Epub 2005 Nov 12.
Microbial fibrinolytic enzymes: an overview of source, production, properties, and thrombolytic activity in vivo.
Peng Y, Yang X, Zhang Y.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16211381
L´action fibrinolytique de Nattokinase (issue de la fermentation du soja) a ete demontree:
Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 1993 Dec 30;197(3):1340-7.
Purification and characterization of a strong fibrinolytic enzyme (nattokinase) in the vegetable cheese natto, a popular soybean fermented food in Japan.
Fujita M, Nomura K, Hong K, Ito Y, Asada A, Nishimuro S.
Le Dr Mac Donald et le prof.Sapi ont effectivement demontre que Borrelia burgdorferi forme des biofilmes formes de "substrats carboxyles sulfates et non sulphates, composes d´alginate, de calcium et de DNA extracellulaire":The purified nattokinase digested not only fibrin but also several synthetic substrate.
Characterization of Biofilm Formation by Borrelia burgdorferi In Vitro
Eva Sapi,1,* Scott L. Bastian,1 Cedric M. Mpoy,1 Shernea Scott,1 Amy Rattelle,1 Namrata Pabbati,1 Akhila Poruri,1 Divya Burugu,1 Priyanka A. S. Theophilus,1 Truc V. Pham,1 Akshita Datar,1 Navroop K. Dhaliwal,1 Alan MacDonald,1 Michael J. Rossi,1 Saion K. Sinha,2 and David F. Luecke
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3480481/Analyzing the extracellular substance of the aggregates for potential exopolysaccharides revealed the existence of both sulfated and non-sulfated/carboxylated substrates, predominately composed of an alginate with calcium and extracellular DNA present.
Les biofilmes seraient des substances polymeriques extracellulaires (EPS):
Molecules 2009, 14(7), 2535-2554; doi:10.3390/molecules14072535
Bacterial Extracellular Polysaccharides Involved in Biofilm Formation
Barbara Vu 1,2 , Miao Chen 2 , Russell J. Crawford 1 and Elena P. Ivanova
http://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/14/7/2535Extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) produced by microorganisms are a complex mixture of biopolymers primarily consisting of polysaccharides, as well as proteins, nucleic acids, lipids and humic substances. EPS make up the intercellular space of microbial aggregates and form the structure and architecture of the biofilm matrix.
http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biofilm
Il n´a pas encore ete demontre que les biofilmes de Borrelia burgdorferi se composent de fibrine et que des proteases comme la Serrapeptase puissent decomposer ces biofilmes.Il faut attendre la publication des travaux du Prof.Sapi pour le savoir.Mais les resultats preliminaires sont d´apres son equipe prometteurs.